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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*ku"me face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"dug-out, hut face="Times New Roman Star"землянка, хижина face="Times New Roman Star"ku"mu"ldu", dial. ku"me face="Times New Roman Star"ku"me face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 308. An exclusively Oghuz word; traditionally derived from Pers. kuma 'stack, hut' (see Лексика 499), but a reverse direction of borrowing cannot be excluded. Cf. perhaps Karakh. (MK ) ku"mi 'name of a town on the Uyghur border' (?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kapyrc?ak, *Kapsak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 box, coffin 2 basket face="Times New Roman Star"1 ящик, гроб 2 корзина face="Times New Roman Star"qapyrc?aq 1,2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"koburc?uk, dial. kapurz?|ak 1, dial. kabzak, kabsak 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qabyrc?aq (IM ), qaburc?uq (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gapyrz?|aq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"> Hung. koporso/ 1 (see Gombocz 1912 ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 587, ЭСТЯ 5, 276-278. Tekin (1979 , 127) cites Uygh. qapyz 'coffin', but we were unable to find the word either in Old or Mod. Uyghur. Perhaps he meant Karakh. xafsy 'small box' (MK , see EDT 587). Brockelmann derived the word from Lat. capsa through Syr. qafsa:, but a loan in Turkic < Syr. is not quite probable, and the word might well be genuine. But modern forms: Tur. dial. kapsa 'box, chest', (CCum. ) qapsa 'box, coffin' may well be < Syr. (cf. ЭСТЯ 5, 277).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"pe face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 coat of mail 2 ring of mail 3 earring 4 overcoat 5 saddle-pad for a camel 6 film of egg, exuviae 7 a k. of cloth or carpet face="Times New Roman Star"1 кольчуга 2 кольцо кольчуги 3 серьга 4 плащ, пальто 5 верблюжье седло 6 пленка яйца, сброшенная кожа 7 вид ткани или ковра face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pe 1, 2, 3, ku"pik (MK ) 4, ko"pc?u"k (MK ) 5, ko"psu"n 'mattress' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pe 3, kepeneg, ko"penek 4, ko"pen 7 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pme| 'mattress' face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pen (ku"pen) 5 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bo"n 'mattress' face="Times New Roman Star"k@w|be 6 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pu" 'шуба из меха медвежонка' face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ps?ik 'pillow' face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pme| 'mattress' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 687, 688, 689, ЭСТЯ 5, 48-49, 108 (Tur. ko"pen being attributed here to a quite different root, see under *ko"p- 'to swell, foam'), 114-115, 129-130, TMN 3, 581-583. The above forms are hard to separate, and Doerfer's point of view that ko"penek is secondarily < kepenek is probably faulty (even though ko"penek is attested later: ko"pen is certainly attested earlier, and an assimilative delabialization *ko"penek > kepenek seems quite plausible). The Chuvash form shows that the original meaning of the root must have been 'transparent covering, film', whence 'coat of mail' etc. Turk. > Mong. kebeneg 'saddle-cloth, shirt', Hung. ko"po"nyeg 'raincoat' (Gombocz 1912 ).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko"bu"r/ / *Kebir/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"carpet, rug face="Times New Roman Star"ковер face="Times New Roman Star"keviz (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ju"z (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"kebiz (MA ), ko"wu"z (Xwar. ), ko"wu"z (CCum .), kevu"z (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"kigiz face="Times New Roman Star"kebe|z, ke|ve|z face="Times New Roman Star"kib@s face="Times New Roman Star"kemis face="Times New Roman Star"kebis face="Times New Roman Star"(Bulg.) > ORuss. kovьrъ 'carpet' face="Times New Roman Star"xevis face="Times New Roman Star"kebez face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jiz face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jo"d| face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ju"z OL face="Times New Roman Star"gujuz (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 692, ЭСТЯ 5, 83. Turk. > Mong. kebis ( > Man. kebisu etc., see ТМС 1, 444), see Clark 1980 , 39., Cf. Khalkha xiv 'gauze, cre^pe', xo"vo"n| 'cotton'. ЭСТЯ 5, 13.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kod-, *Kodur- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to take trouble, make efforts 2 to overpower face="Times New Roman Star"1 прилагать усилия 2 осиливать, одолевать face="Times New Roman Star"qod|ur- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xot- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kot- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 605; Stachowski 154 (but, because of semantic difference, hardly to *Kod- 'put aside').
face="Times New Roman Star"*gu":l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to tether, bind feet face="Times New Roman Star"привязывать, спутывать ноги face="Times New Roman Star"ku"l-tu"r- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"gu"lu"- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"k'ul- face="Times New Roman Star"gu"jl- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"l- face="Times New Roman Star"xu"lu"- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 308, EDT 717 (incorrectly to ku"l- 'harness'), ЭСТЯ 3, 95-96.
face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)ag face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 space between the legs 2 wedge between trouser legs face="Times New Roman Star"1 промежуток между ногами 2 клин между штанинами face="Times New Roman Star"ag| (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ag| (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"o|g| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ag| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ag| (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"aw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"aw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"a: 2 face="Times New Roman Star"aw 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 75, ЭСТЯ 1, 67-68, Clark 1977 , 127.
face="Times New Roman Star"*enu"k ( ? *u"nek) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"young of a wild animal, puppy face="Times New Roman Star"детеныш дикого животного, щенок face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"enik, enz?|ek face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (Chag.) face="Times New Roman Star"a"nix (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"u"neges? face="Times New Roman Star"u"neges? face="Times New Roman Star"anz?|ъk face="Times New Roman Star"u"nu"ges face="Times New Roman Star"u"nu"ges face="Times New Roman Star"enik face="Times New Roman Star"jenik face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 183, VEWT 44, ЭСТЯ 1, 281-283, Егоров 29, Stachowski 251.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kor(t)- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 burbot 2 pike 3 huso, beluga face="Times New Roman Star"1 налим 2 щука 3 белуга face="Times New Roman Star"(КСТТ ) qurty 1, qurtan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xorty 1 (Sag.) face="Times New Roman Star"qortu 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qortu 1 face="Times New Roman Star"? kъrtъs?, kъrъs? 'ruff' ( = Mari kyrys?, k@rkke 'trout') face="Times New Roman Star"qortpa 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qortpa 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Федотов 1, 260. For Chuv. kъrtъs? cf. also Tat. qyrtys? (the direction of borrowing is unclear).
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"j (?) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"time, age face="Times New Roman Star"время, возраст face="Times New Roman Star"o"ju":n (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"o"j face="Times New Roman Star"ОСНЯ 1, 242. The form is poorly attested and rather dubious (the Tuva form may be < Oyr. o"j < PT *o"d q. v. sub *odi ).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAnu face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wild cat face="Times New Roman Star"дикая кошка face="Times New Roman Star"manu (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"manul face="Times New Roman Star"many face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 767. Turk. > Kalm. manl, Dag. manu: (Тод. Даг. 153) (probably contaminated with Mong. proper malur < *malul q. v. sub *ma/l/e ). Uygh. molun 'wild cat' may be a mongolism.
face="Times New Roman Star"*utyr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"otter face="Times New Roman Star"выдра face="Times New Roman Star"ъw|dъw|r face="Times New Roman Star"ytyy face="Times New Roman Star"Мудрак Дисс. 145. See under *Ka.ma a discussion of other possible traces of this root.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)an| face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"father face="Times New Roman Star"отец face="Times New Roman Star"qan| (Orkh., Yeniss., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qan|das? 'half-brother, son of the same father and a different mother' (MK ), qan|syq ata 'step-father' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 232, EDT 630, 635, 640, ЭСТЯ 5, 258.
face="Times New Roman Star"*TEpir/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"envy face="Times New Roman Star"зависть face="Times New Roman Star"tepiz, tepze- 'to envy' (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 448.
face="Times New Roman Star"*erge face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 part of the yurt close to the door 2 threshhold 3 stairs face="Times New Roman Star"1 часть юрты рядом с дверью 2 порог 3 лестница face="Times New Roman Star"irgene 'smth. belonging to the tent' (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"irk@n 2 face="Times New Roman Star"irge 2 face="Times New Roman Star"argъ `lap' face="Times New Roman Star"ergene, ergine 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ergilc?ek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"erge, irge 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 47, Федотов 1, 56-57.
face="Times New Roman Star"*to:j- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to sing face="Times New Roman Star"петь face="Times New Roman Star"tujuq (Osm.) face="Times New Roman Star"tujuq 'a verse metre' face="Times New Roman Star"tujuq 'rhymed verse' face="Times New Roman Star"tuoj- 'to sing, chant', tojuk 'improvised song' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 568.
face="Times New Roman Star"*en|ir- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to spin 2 to surround face="Times New Roman Star"1 крутить 2 окружать face="Times New Roman Star"en|ir- (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"en|ir- (Буд. ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"e: r- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 113, VEWT 37.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jac?an- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"be ashamed, embarrassed face="Times New Roman Star"стыдиться, смущаться face="Times New Roman Star"jac?an- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"(Osm.) jac?an- face="Times New Roman Star"jac?an- (CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"s/u"z/en- 'to be shocked' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 882, VEWT 176, (incorrectly) Федотов 2, 151.
face="Times New Roman Star"*juba- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to be comforted, consoled, entertained 2 to comfort, entertain face="Times New Roman Star"1 утешаться, забавляться 2 утешать, развлекать face="Times New Roman Star"juwat- (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"juwan- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uwat- 2 (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"juwan- (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jywan- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"juwan-, juwun- 1, juwut- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 4, 240. Some forms, like Kum. jyban-, Uzb. jupan- reflect rather *jupa-; the variation of *-b- and *-p- is not quite clear in this root.
face="Times New Roman Star"*apac?y, *apaky face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 bogy 2 figure set up to avert the evil eye 3 idol face="Times New Roman Star"1 бука 2 фигурка для отвода сглаза 3 идол face="Times New Roman Star"abac?y 1, abaqy 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"apaq, abaq 'jinn, ghoul' (dial.), 'fool' face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) abaq 'doll' (Houts. , At-Tuhf.) face="Times New Roman Star"o|pa-lar 'female evil ghosts' (lit. "elder sisters") face="Times New Roman Star"aba:hy 'evil ghost' face="Times New Roman Star"abac?y 1 face="Times New Roman Star"abaq, abax 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 1, 2, EDT 6, 8. Quite dubious is the hypothesis (see Аникин 71, TMN 4, 307-310, Clark 1977 , 127) of the Turkic forms being borrowed from Mong. abug|аc?i 'receiver' (all the more so because the Bur. form is not aba:s?a, but abags?a, i. e. reflecting -g-, not -g|-). See a detailed discussion in Stachowski 2001.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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